Pradosh Vrat: Shiva's evening worship

What Pradosh Vrat is

‘Pradosha’ means the start of night, the twilight just after sunset. Every lunar month has two Trayodashis, one in the Shukla paksha and one in the Krishna paksha. The vrat of Shiva worship on the evening of each is Pradosh Vrat.

Tradition holds that the pradosha twilight is Shiva's beloved hour. So on this day people eat lightly or take fruit by day, bathe the Shivalinga after sunset, and then have their evening meal.

The day after the Krishna Trayodashi is the Chaturdashi, the monthly Shivaratri; so many people treat Pradosh and Shivaratri together as two days of Shiva. Dhanteras also falls on the Krishna Trayodashi of Ashvina (purnimanta Kartika), and its rule too is set by the pradosha evening.

How the date is decided

Shastra (Dharmasindhu): for Pradosh Vrat the Trayodashi taken is the one present at pradosha, and Dharmasindhu defines pradosha as the three muhurtas after sunset. A muhurta is about 48 minutes, so pradosha is about two and a half hours; the exact length shifts with the length of day and night.

• Trayodashi touches the pradosha of one evening only → that day.
• Equal on both evenings, or touching both equally in part → the second day.
• Touching both unequally → the day with the larger share at pradosha (Dharmasindhu adds: if that share leaves time for the puja and the meal).
• At neither pradosha → the second day.

Note: this rule is for Trayodashi. The monthly Shivaratri (Chaturdashi) has a different rule: there midnight (nishitha) is checked, not pradosha alone.

Dharmasindhu's method and the weekday names

Dharmasindhu describes this as a vrat of Shiva worship at pradosha and a nakta meal. ‘Nakta’ means one meal at night: a fast or light food by day, and a meal after the evening puja. That is its basic form; a full fast is not required.

Dharmasindhu also says some begin the vrat on a Shukla Trayodashi falling on a Saturday and keep it every paksha for a year, or keep it only on twenty-four Trayodashis joined with Saturday.

Names by weekday are popular in folk usage (tradition): Soma Pradosh on Monday, Bhauma Pradosh on Tuesday, Shani Pradosh on Saturday. North India sees special crowds on Soma and Shani Pradosh; Shiva temples in South India bathe Nandi and hold an evening procession on every Pradosh.

The story: tradition / Purana story

The best-known Pradosh story is of the churning of the ocean: when poison rose from the churning, Shiva held it in his throat and was called ‘Neelakantha’, the blue-throated. Tradition says this was at twilight, and the gods then praised Shiva; so the pradosha twilight is held to be the hour for his worship. Another belief is that at pradosha Shiva dances in joy on Kailasa.

We keep these stories as tradition and claim no Purana chapter.

A simple puja

1. Morning bath and intention: ‘Today I will remember Shiva and keep the Pradosh vrat.’
2. Fruit or a light meal by day, as your health allows.
3. A little before sunset, wash and get ready again.
4. At pradosha, pour water, then milk, then water on a Shivalinga or Shiva's picture; offer bel leaves, white flowers, sandal and rice.
5. Light a lamp and chant ‘Om Namah Shivaya’ or a Shiva hymn.
6. After the puja, a simple evening meal (nakta).

If you can't go to a temple, five minutes of chanting and a lamp at home are counted as complete by tradition.

Health

Fasting and health: keep the fast as your health allows. Anyone who is unwell, pregnant or breastfeeding, diabetic, older, or on regular medicine should choose a lighter form (fruit, milk, or one simple meal) or ask a doctor. Don't change medicine timings. There is no need for a waterless (nirjala) fast; keep drinking water through the day.

For health, the doctor comes first; no vrat replaces that. In crowded evening temples, hold the hands of children and elders; keep lamps away from clothing.

In ePandit

In ePandit: our calendar shows the festival day with your city's sunrise and sunset. The day is decided once, for Ujjain; your city's times are shown separately. We don't compute muhurta yet, and we never call a festival good or bad for anyone.

Frequently asked questions